Introduction: In recent years, as the market's rapid economic development, have been built around a large warehouse-style supermarkets, because of its rich variety of goods, low commodity prices, has been popular with the public, compared with the general store, warehouse-style supermarkets and more as single or two-story, with a closed, area, body volume, the characteristics of one shop library, because a high concentration of workers in supermarkets, cargo consolidation, in the event of fire, burning speed, high temperature fire, easy to form three-dimensional combustion, and evacuation difficulties, will cause serious property damage and casualties. Therefore, the safe evacuation of such building design and management is very important. In this paper, a typical large warehouse-style supermarket fire design problems encountered in the supermarket to discuss the design and building fire safety evacuation performance-based design need.
        Safe evacuation during design, should first consider the safety of evacuation time. The main factors affecting evacuation time with supermarket personnel-intensive, the type of goods, the conditions of evacuation routes, fire, and when the concentration of smoke toxicity. Generally speaking, the greater the density of personnel, the evacuation of the slower and more difficult. Warehouse-style supermarket operators tens of thousands of varieties, there are a lot of combustible material existence, in the event of fire, will produce a large number of high-temperature gas, the evacuation of people will be greatly affected. Typically, the warehouse-style supermarkets are open-run and set the import and export customers from importing into, the uniform payment to the exit, in order to operate convenience outlet set 10 to 30 the cashier, the use of closed-end management, and often only the width of the two large open export, and other security outside the supermarket to install security doors, and closed during the operation. This arrangement makes the width of the supermarket and effective safety evacuation greatly reduced, exports of man-made cause a serious shortage of security, therefore, should be strictly controlled evacuation of such building indicators, with reference to relevant national fire codes, which allow the evacuation time can be set at 5min .
        This involved the supermarket for a comprehensive architecture, construction area of ​​150,000 square meters, of which one, two, three for the supermarkets, each area of ​​11,000 square meters. As the current in a variety of fire protection are not for the large warehouse-style supermarkets and were therefore safe evacuation during the supermarket is the main basis for design of "building design for fire protection," "fire protection design of tall buildings" and "architectural design store norms "and so on.
        The "commercial architecture, design specifications" set forth in the operating room each store a fire district security export volume of not less than two business hall at any point straight-line distance to the nearest safe exit should not exceed 20M. The "architectural design code for fire protection," which stipulated any point to the nearest safe exit of the straight line distance of not less than 40M.
        As the "commercial architecture, design specifications," developed earlier and has not adapt to the rapid development in recent years, stores like building needs for the warehouse-style supermarkets, its architectural form, business model and the traditional shops are very different, can not simply apply the commercial architecture, design specifications, and therefore sought the views of the local fire department, in accordance with the requirements of building regulations for the safe evacuation of such supermarket design.
        This design is reasonable, I think we should be organized by the local fire department for fire protection for such supermarket performance-based design, according to the supermarket's overall architectural features and the distribution of personnel, give full consideration to the supermarket shelves on the impact of unfavorable factors evacuation routes , programs and measures with smoke and fire simulation results, calculated in the most adverse circumstances, the fire district personnel to evacuate the building takes time and can provide evacuation evacuation time and the corresponding channel width and distance, as the best evacuation plan to provide reference.
        Building fire performance-based design is by random building fire performance evaluation of the overall design of a particular line of the building fire safety system model, in order to achieve a fire, ensure the safety of persons within the building and property losses total effective control goals. Building fire performance-based design method is based on fire safety engineering on the basis of a new building fire safety design method, which use fire safety engineering principles and methods, according to the structure of the building, use, interior decoration, fire load, etc. the specific circumstances of each building by the designer according to the different conditions in space, functional requirements and other related conditions, freedom of choice to achieve the purpose of fire safety measures taken by various fire, and organically organized to form the building The overall fire safety materials design, and then building a fire hazard and harmful for quantitative prediction and assessment, to arrive at optimal design of fire protection for buildings to provide the most reasonable fire protection.
        Implement performance-based building fire safety design is to adapt to the social development needs. As China's socialist market economy, the rapid development of the construction industry has also been an unprecedented development, high-rise buildings, shopping malls, underground construction, entertainment and other entertainment venues in large numbers, more and more severe fire situation, Qunsiqunshang weight , large vicious fires have occurred, the current fire codes can not cover the construction of all fire safety requirements.
        Implement performance-based building fire safety design is rich in architecture, the best way to promote new technologies. Using the existing specification for architectural design is similar to a doctor's prescription, this method is the architect of the innovative thinking detention. The fire only need to provide performance-based design of the building should meet the security requirements of the performance requirements, performance requirements of the building should have some characteristic parameters or indicators, as long as the architect in the design to meet these performance requirements, and thus get rid of specification of the detention outside the box, in order to more fully display their designs, bold innovation, and design a more humane, more rational outstanding architectural works of art. Meanwhile, in the building design, but also vigorously promote the use of mature technology of fire new technologies, new processes, new equipment, new materials, thus further promote scientific progress and the pace of technological innovation.
        Implement performance-based building fire safety design is to eliminate some of the fire hazards of an effective method.
        Supermarket fire scene to establish the model, we must first evaluate the performance over the fire, the assessment include: 1, to prevent the fire; 2 flame / thermal analysis (building through active and passive fire protection measures to limit their space and every piece in in); 3, smoke / gas analysis (building space can be selected to maintain the living conditions the ability of the specified time); 4, structural framework analysis (structural framework for unrestricted fire to avoid unacceptable distortion or collapse); 5, workers flow analysis (flow of personnel in the building or the time required to reach a safe place). The accuracy of these assessments depends on the fire scene model of science and the accuracy of the relevant parameters, only the establishment of a scientific, accurate fire scene model, designed to ensure the building fire safety performance objective, scientific way out of the impact of subjective factors .
        Building fire performance-based design approach is the inevitable development of architectural design trends. To fire performance-based performance-based design approach has become the world construction industry and fire industry consensus, at present, many countries have introduced performance-based fire safety design specifications. Australia enacted in 1996 as a performance-based building fire safety design specification "Building Code of Australia" (BCA-96), the specification on July 1, 1997 from the implementation of the continents in the country. The United States in 2001 issued the "International Building Performance Standards" and "international fire resistance standards." At present, Britain, France, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Sweden, the Netherlands, Spain, International Standards Organization (ISO), International Research Council Building Research and Documentation (CIB) and other countries and international organizations have adopted a performance-based specifications or performance-based design methods. China also began research in 1996, but development is slow, has lagged far behind some developed countries. References:
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